This lesson is from 03 October 2018. This covers about the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Branches governments of the United States as well as the Supreme Court Cases.

Lesson

Lesson of Thursday, October 3, 2018

First Week, Day Three

English

Sentences

Sentences are built like this:

		Sentence
	Subject		Predicate
Noun	Adjectives		Verb	Adverbs

Nouns and Verbs

Nouns and Adjectives

Nouns are things. Here is a list of some nouns. Adjectives explain nouns more succinctly. Some adjectives are listed next to the nouns.

Verbs and Adverbs

Verbs are action words. They are things you do. Here is a list of some verbs. Some adverbs are listed to the right of the verbs. Adverbs are words that are added to verbs to explain them better.

Example of Parts of Speech in Sentences

The sleek airplane rolled slowly and it clogged the flat tarmac.

Handwriting

Practice handwriting so you can get faster.

Math

Additions, Multiplications and Subtractions

Solve the following problems:

Addition (Plus)

Addition
+	44	34	43	78	22	22	65	81	23
	45	16	14	23	8	58	25	59	27
	89	50	57	101	30	80	90	140	50
	12	56	32	44	55	75	105	295	1000
	88	34	58	66	55	16	99	5	1
	100	90	90	110	110	91	204	300	1001

Remember to carry a one on top.

Multiplication (Times)

Multiplication
×

Subtraction (Minus)

Subtraction
–	96
	-4
	92

Please do not use the computer, phone, or add wrong numbers during this lesson.

Fractions

A fraction is one number over the other like this:

Numerators and Denominators

Number	Numerator and Denominator	Result
6	is the numerator	Smaller
7	is the denominator
3	is the numerator	Smaller
4	is the denominator

Common Dominators

Fraction Number	Result
½ + 1/2	2/2	Equal
¼ + ¼ + 1/4	3/4	Smaller
½ + 1/4	6/8	Smaller

Only if you change ½ to the equivalent expression 2/4 thus: 2/4 + ¼ = ¾

Box

If you have a box:

Then you cut it in half:

You have two boxes each ½ of the original box. ½ is a fraction. You can add fractions if the denominator (The bottom number of the fraction) is the same. So, we add:

• ½ + ½ = 2/2 = 1 full box.

We add the numerator 1+ 1 and keep the denominator (The bottom number of the fraction) the same. So, the top number in a fraction is called the numerator. The bottom number of a fraction is called the denominator. We cannot add a number like ½ + 1/5 because the denominator (the bottom number) of the fraction is not the same.

If you cut the original box in three equal pieces:

You have three boxes each 1/3 of the original box. 1/3 is a fraction. 1 is the numerator and 3 is the denominator. We can add the numbers. 1/3 + 1/3 because the denominator (3) is the same. So, we add 1/3+1/3 = 2/3, or 1/3 +1/3+1/3 = 3/3 =1. If the denominator is equal to the numerator the number = 1.

If you cut the original box in four equal pieces:

You have four boxes each 1/4 of the original box. 1/4 is a fraction. You can add ¼ + ¼ = 2/4 because the denominator is the same. You can add ¼ + ¼ + ¼ = ¾ because the denominator (4) is the same.

• ¼ + ¼ + ¼ + ¼ = 4/4 = 1.

4/4 = 1 because the numerator (4) and the denominator (4) are the same. You cannot add 1/4+1/3 because the denominators are different.

If you cut the original box in five equal pieces:

You have five boxes each 1/5 of the original box. 1/5 is a fraction. You can add 1/5 + 1/5 = 2/5 because the denominator (5) is the same.

• 1/5 + 1/5 + 1/5 = 3/5.
• 1/5 + 1/5 + 1/5 + 1/5 = 4/5.
• 1/5 + 1/5 + 1/5 + 1/5 + 1/5 = 5/5 = 1

5/5 = 1 because the numerator (5) and the denominator (5) are the same. You cannot add 1/5 + 1/3 because the denominators are different. Remember:

• The top number of a fraction is called the numerator.
• The bottom number of a fraction is called the denominator.
• You can add fractions if the denominator is the same.
• You cannot add two fractions with different denominators.

To add two numbers with different denominators, you first have to manipulate the fractions until the denominators are the same. Example:

• ½ + ¼ – the denominator of the first number is 2
• the denominator of the second number is 4

To add these two numbers first you have to make equal numbers with the same denominator. If you take ½ and multiply the numerator with 2 the you also have to multiply the denominator with 2 so the number will stay the same. Remember 2/2 = one because the numerator and denominator are the same and if you multiply any number by one you get the same number again. So:

• ½ x 2/2 = 2/4 since 1x 2 = 2 and 2×2 = 4. So, 2/4 = ½.

Notice that 2/4 has the same denominator as ½.

• So now you can add 2/4+1/4 = ¾
• So: ½ + ¼ = ¾

Word Problems

Set up the following problem:

If you go to the store and buy 5 loaves of wheat bread and 4 loaves of white bread how many loaves of bread did you buy?

Result in Word Problem
	4	9	9	9
	+5	-2	-5	-6
	9	7	4	3

Reading Comprehension

Read the following story and see if you can find the theme.

Breakfast

As they sat down for breakfast, the topic of their future suddenly raised its ugly head. Neither wanted to dwell on it, because they had just graduated from high school and were going off to college. Greg was going to move to Texas and go to the University of Texas at Austin and Sue was going to her home town college, the University of California. They had dated throughout high school and everyone figured they would one day get married. They had wanted to get married, but only after college and they, had never been separated since they started dating. They both wondered if their relationship could withstand the separation their college plans would make necessary. After breakfast neither felt very good about their future.

Themes

Circle the option below that most closely resembles the theme of the little story:

1. Bull fighting
2. Going to jail
3. Love
4. Playing baseball

Social Studies

History

Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Branches

Under the Constitution, the national government was divided into the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The legislative branch, made up of the House of Representatives, and the Senate, is responsible for passing laws. The executive branch is headed by the President of the United States and is responsible for carrying out the laws. The judicial branch includes all courts up to and including the Supreme Court, the final authority in the federal court system. Most of the Supreme Court’s cases come from appeals of lower court decisions. Since the writing of the Constitution the power of the Supreme Court has gradually expanded, most notably in 1803 when Chief Justice John Marshal struck down an act of Congress in the case of Marbury vs. Madison, thus establishing the principle of judicial review. Since then, the Supreme Court has greatly shaped American democracy through numerous landmark decisions.

Supreme Court Cases

Plessy v. Ferguson

In 1892, an African American named Homer Plessy took a seat in a white only section of an East Louisiana Railway train in violation of an 1890 segregation law. After refusing to move from the seat, Plessy was arrested and convicted at trial. Plessy appealed his case first to the Louisiana Supreme Court and then to the US Supreme Court. In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled in the doctrine of so-called “separate but equal” facilities for people of different races. The ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson established the legal basis for segregation in the South.

Brown v. Board of Education

In 1952 the questions of segregation and basic natural rights again came before the Supreme Court. In the case that would become known as Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) challenged the “separate but equal” principle first established in Plessy v. Ferguson as it pertained to public schools.

In 1954 the Supreme Court ruled unanimously in favor of the NAACP and the plaintiffs in the case, thus overturning Plessy v. Ferguson and effectively making segregation in public schools illegal in the United States. Brown v. Board of Education also marked the first in a series of landmark decisions passed down by Chief Justice Earl Warren.

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Credits

• This lesson was originally made with LibreOffice Writer by John M. Harpster.
• Formatted with Notepad++ for space removal.
• Made and published to PDF with LibreOffice and Microsoft Word by John T. Harpster.

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