This lesson is from 15 October 2018. This covers about the Colombian Exchange, tariffs, mercantilism and triangular trade at the bottom end.

Lesson

Lesson of Monday, October 15, 2018

Third Week, Day Eight

English

Sentences

Sentences are built like this:

		Sentence
	Subject		Predicate
Noun	Adjectives		Verb	Adverbs

Nouns and Verbs

Nouns and Adjectives

Nouns are things. Here is a list of some nouns. Adjectives explain nouns more succinctly. Some adjectives are listed next to the nouns.

Verbs and Adverbs

Verbs are action words. They are things you do. Here is a list of some verbs. Some adverbs are listed to the right of the verbs. Adverbs are words that are added to verbs to explain them better.

Handwriting

Practice handwriting so you can get faster.

Math

Additions, Multiplications and Subtractions

Solve the following problems:

Addition (Plus)

Addition
+	63	96	84	88	72	65	53	92	22
	7	24	56	53	19	45	18	20	98
	224	23	82	43	85	16	94	102	345
	56	47	24	77	65	74	16	88	8
	1,000
	7,777

Remember to carry a one on top.

Multiplication (Times)

Multiplication
×

Subtraction (Minus)

Subtraction
–	98
	-26

Please do not use the computer, phone, or add wrong numbers during this lesson.

Fractions

A fraction is one number over the other like this:

Numerators and Denominators

Number	Numerator and Denominator
2	is the numerator
3	is the denominator
1	is the numerator
9	is the denominator

Common Denominators

Fraction Number	Result
½ + 1/2	2/2	Equal
¼ + ¼ + 1/4	3/4	Smaller
½ + 1/4	6/8	Smaller

Only if you change ½ to the equivalent expression 2/4 thus: 2/4 + ¼ = ¾

Multiplication Tables

The following facts need to be memorized

Word Problems

Set up the following problem:

If you go to the store and buy 4 loaves of wheat bread and 2 loaves of the bread fly out the window on the way home. How many loaves of bread do you have left?

If you buy 6 loaves white bread and 5 loaves fly out the window how many loaves do you have?

Reading Comprehension

Read the following story and see if you can find the theme.

Billy Cooper

by John Falato (Tucson, AZ)

“There’s a shindig in town this Friday night and that namby-pamby son of the banker’s taken a shine to Ellie, but I know she’d prefer you’re asking her.”

“But I ain’t one to go courting; I still got to make my mark.”

“Hell Billy, you have made your mark on this town, everyone knows you, everyone likes you, and everyone would do whatever they could if’s you need help. Your parents and you have added a lot to this town. I recall when it wasn’t safe in this territory, what with Indians and outlaws, to say nothing of the droughts? It was people like you and your family that stuck it out, that survived through it all that made this country livable. I’d say you made quite a mark on this town.”

“Thanks for saying that Ed.”

“By the way, I noticed you’re wearin’ that sidearm of yours a little too low. These high-strung cowboys around here might think you’re some kind of gunslinger and try you out.”

“Nah, I just thought I’d have some fun today. I’m hanging it up as soon as I get home.”

Ed’s waitress, Ellie, approached Billy’s table, “Your lucky day today, Billy, Ed says he’s picking up the check. And he says you’ve got something to tell me.”

‘Why that son-of-a-gun, Ed,’ Billy thought, but managed to squeak out, “I hear there’s a good-time.

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Social Studies

The First Economic System (Part II)

Mercantilism and Tariffs

Dominating the rush to colonize the Americas, and to establish trade was the theory of mercantilism, which held that the prosperity of a nation depended on a large supply of gold and silver. Mercantilism believed creating balanced trade, which favored exports over imports. It was the role of government to create a favorable balance by building roads and stimulating growth of businesses through subsidies – payments made to support industries. Governments also placed tariffs, or taxes on foreign imports to make foreign goods more expensive and thus less attractive to consumers. Colonies were crucial to this new economy as they provide raw materials and import goods.

The Colombian Exchange and Triangular Trade

All the economic activity between Europe and its colonies created the world’s first truly global trade network. Goods, plants, and animals flowed across the Atlantic Ocean in what became known as the Colombian Exchange. Colonies in the Americas established plantations, or large agricultural estates, to grow cash crops such as sugar, cotton, vanilla, and tobacco for export, while bringing in imports such as wheat, citrus, and horses. The exchange not only created wealth and new markets for goods on both sides of the Atlantic but also transformed the ecology of both the Americas and Europe.

The Colombian Exchange also proves deadly. Diseases from Europe devastated the Native Americans. Europeans enslaved people from Africa and brought them to work on colonial plantations. Millions of people died or were forcibly relocated as a result of the Colombian Exchange and what was to become known as triangular trade, a flow of goods and slaves connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas. In this system, European goods were traded for slaves, who were then sold to in the American Colonies in exchange for cash crops which were shipped off to Europe. The results of this system were devastating to some people. Native Americans were all but wiped out, while parts of Africa were depopulated. Slavery as an institution survived well into the 1800s, and in some parts of the world still exists.

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Credits

• This lesson was originally made with LibreOffice Writer by John M. Harpster.
• Formatted with Notepad++ for space removal.
• Made and published to PDF with LibreOffice and Microsoft Word by John T. Harpster.

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