This is the Lesson from 26 September 2018. This history covers about the American democracy and Magna Carta.

Software

• This lesson was originally made with LibreOffice Writer by John M. Harpster.
• Formatted with Notepad++ for space removal.
• Made and published to PDF with Microsoft Word by John T. Harpster.

Lesson

Lesson of Wednesday, September 26, 2018

Fourth Week, Day Seventeen

English

Sentences

Sentences are built like this:

		Sentence
	Subject		Predicate
Noun	Adjectives		Verb	Adverbs

Nouns and Verbs

Nouns

Nouns are things. Here is a list of some nouns.

Verbs

Verbs are action words. They are things you do. Here is a list of some verbs:

Handwriting

Practice handwriting so you can get faster.

Math

Fractions

If you have a box, then you cut it in half: you have two boxes each ½ of the original box. ½ is a fraction.

If you cut the original box in three equal pieces: You have three boxes each 1/3 of the original box. 1/3 is a fraction.

If you cut the original box in four equal pieces: you have four boxes each 1/4 of the original box. 1/4 is a fraction.

If you cut the original box in five equal pieces: you have five boxes each 1/5 of the original box. 1/5 is a fraction.

You have five boxes each 1/5 of the original box. 1/5 is a fraction. You can add 1/5 + 1/5 = 2/5 because the denominator (5) is the same.

• 1/5 + 1/5 + 1/5 = 3/5.
• 1/5 + 1/5 + 1/5 + 1/5 = 4/5.
• 1/5 + 1/5 + 1/5 + 1/5 + 1/5 = 5/5 = 1

5/5 = 1 because the numerator (5) and the denominator (5) are the same. You cannot add 1/5 + 1/3 because the denominators are different. Remember:

• The top number of a fraction is called the numerator.
• The bottom number of a fraction is called the denominator.

Fraction Number

Fraction Number	Result
½ + 1/2	2/2	Equal
¼ + ¼ + 1/4	3/4	Smaller
½ + 1/4	6/8	Smaller

Additions, Multiplications, and Subtractions

Solve the following problems:

Addition (Plus)

Addition
+	5	7	9	3	2	1	7	8	1
	5	4	6	6	6	6	3	1	9
	10	11	15	9	8	7	10	9	10
	45	12	66	12	78	21	32	65	71
	45	12	14	16	23	5	69	46	20
	90	24	80	28	101	26	101	111	91
	23	43	22	67	13
	18	28	89	35	99
	41	71	111	102	112

Multiplication (Times)

Multiplication
×	4	6
	2	2
	8	12

Subtraction (Minus)

–	9	6	8	7	3	5	87
	-7	-4	-7	-5	-3	-2	-8
	2	2	1	2	0	3	79

Reading Comprehension

Read the following story.

Chaos at the Mall

Many people were shopping at the mall. Suddenly shots rang out. At first nobody knew what was happening, so everyone froze. Then more shots were heard and everyone dived for cover, hiding under whatever was handy. Some people his behind shelves of merchandise and some people hid behind the cash register counters. Some people were too late and had been shot. Some were wounded and some were dead. The shooter walked casually through the stores shooting anyone who hadn’t hid well enough. Police were called and came to the mall. They had a shootout with the person causing the chaos. The shooter was dead but not before killing many people.

Themes

What is the theme of the story? Can you find the nouns? Can you find the verbs? Remember nouns are things and people. Verbs are action words.

Social Studies

History

American Democracy and Greek History

American democracy has its foundations in ancient Greece, where democracy or rule by the people was developed 2500 years ago. The majority elected leaders and those eligible voted on the policies of the government. Laws could be proposed by anyone and trials were held in public. The idea of direct rule through popular election was then later adopted by ancient Rome, which set up a representative democracy in which eligible citizens were allowed to elect officials to act on their behalf. A senate devised laws and magistrates passed sentences at trial.

Although these early attempts at democracy failed, they became a model for future experiments in majority rule. One such place where democratic ideas took root was medieval England.

English History and the Magna Carta

After the victory of William of Normandy at the battle of Hastings in 1066, the French speaking Normans gradually merged with the native Angeles and Saxons of England. William established himself as a monarch and expanded the system of taxation and royal courts begun by the Anglo-Saxon kings. The power of the king expanded further under the reign of Williams heirs, who could, without justification, banish, execute, or imprison their subjects.

Resentful of the growing power of the king, the English nobility rebelled under the reign of King John. At Runnymede in 1215, a group of English nobles forced John to accept and sign a document of rights called the Magna Carta, or Great Charter. Its ideas had a great influence on the development of constitutional government. One of the most important principles established by the Magna Carta was due process of law. The Magna Carta said that no freeman shall be seized or imprisoned except by lawful judgement of his equals or by law of the land. The Magna Carta made it clear that everyone, including the monarch, must follow the law.

The Magna Carta also defined the English nobles’ individual rights that the monarch could not take away. The document also guaranteed people accused of crimes to a trial by their peers.

Later, in the 1200s, Parliament was established to give voice to the people in dealing with the state. In 1628, a conflict between the King Charles I and Parliament led to another document called The Petition of Right. The Petition of Right further limited the king’s power by requiring the king to get permission of the Parliament before setting new taxes. It also outlined rules under which individuals could be punished or when martial law could be declared.

Credits

• This lesson was originally made with LibreOffice Writer by John M. Harpster.
• Formatted with Notepad++ for space removal.
• Made and published to PDF with LibreOffice Writer and Microsoft Word by John T. Harpster.

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